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Margaret E. Knight (February 14, 1838 – October 12, 1914) was an American inventor. She has been called "the most famous 19th-century woman inventor". She was born in York, Maine to James Knight and Hannah Teal. James Knight died when Margaret was a little girl. Knight went to school until she was twelve and worked in a cotton mill between ages 12 through 1856. In 1868, while living in Springfield, Massachusetts, Knight invented a machine that folded and glued paper to form the flat bottomed brown paper bags familiar to shoppers today. Knight built a wooden model of the device, but needed a working iron model to apply for a patent. Charles Annan, who was in the machine shop where Knight's iron model was being built, stole her design and patented the device. Knight filed a successful patent interference lawsuit and was awarded the patent in 1871.〔 ''Improvement in Paper-Bag Machines'', July 11, 1871.〕 With a Massachusetts business man, Knight established the Eastern Paper Bag Co. and received royalties. Her many other inventions included a numbering machine, window frame and sash, patented in 1894, and several devices relating to rotary engines, patented between 1902 and 1915.〔"Knight, Margaret E." ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' 2005 Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Svs - article 9125831.〕 Knight's original bag-making machine is in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, D.C.. Margaret never married and died on October 12, 1914 at the age of 76. She was awarded the Decoration of the Royal Legion of Honour by Queen Victoria in 1871.〔Challoner, Jack. (editor) ''1001 Inventions That Changed The World'' 2009 - Flat-bottomed Paper Bag (1868), p 381.〕 A plaque recognizing her as the "first woman awarded a U.S. patent" and holder of 87 U.S. patents hangs on the Curry Cottage at 287 Hollis St in Framingham. However, Knight was not actually the first female patent-holder. The first was Hannah Wilkinson Slater, wife of industrialist Samuel Slater: she invented two-ply thread, becoming in 1793 the first American woman to be granted a patent.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''History Detectives: Women inventors'' )〕 Knight was inducted in the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2006.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Inventor profile )〕 ==Patents== File:US109224-Improvement in paper-feeding machines (2).jpg|Improvement in paper feeding machines, 1870 File:US220925-Paper bag machine (4).jpg|Improvement in paper-bag machine, 1879 File:US436358-Sole cutting machine (1).jpg|Sole cutting machine, 1890 File:US494784-Sole cutting machine (1).jpg|Sole cutting machine, 1893 File:US521413-Reel (2).jpg|Reel, 1894 File:US527205-numbering machine (1).jpg|Numbering mechanism, 1894 File:US519333-Window frame with sash (1).jpg|Window frame with sash, 1894 File:US716903-Compound rotary engine (2).jpg|Compound rotary engine, 1902 File:US717869-Rotary engine (1).jpg|Rotary engine, 1902 File:US720818-Rotary engine. (1).jpg|Rotary engine, 1902 File:US743293-Automatic tool for boring or planing concave or cylindroidal surfaces (2).jpg|Automatic tool for boring or planing concave or cylindroidal surfaces, 1903 File:US1068781-Internal combustion engine (2).jpg|Internal combustion engine, 1913 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Margaret E. Knight」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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